Autism Spectrum Disorder

According to the American Psychiatric Association, “Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition involving persistent challenges with social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior.”

In Canada, the National Autism Spectrum Disorder Surveillance System (NASS) 2018 Report revealed that among children and youth 5–17 years old across seven provinces and territories, the combined prevalence of ASD for the year 2015 is 1 in 66 (15.2 per 1,000).

Previously categorised under the term Pervasive Developmental Disorders, the category now known as Autism Spectrum Disorder also includes Asperger’s Syndrome, as well as Rett’s Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.

Fortunately for many Canadian families living with autism, this disorder has received relatively wide-ranging support.

In British Columbia, a number of organizations are available for peer and familial support, including Autism BC. The BC government provides Autism Support Specialists and Autism Funding that covers a range of support and therapeutic services.

Autism Canada is another organization that provides a lot of support and resources for its members.

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Symptoms of ASD

Autism may be diagnosed in children as young as 2 years old, when early signs are observed by parents or caregivers. In some cases, typical signs of ASD may not become obvious until the child starts school. Boys are 4-5 times more frequently diagnosed than girls.

Symptoms affect each person uniquely, and could range in severity. While ASD is a complex and lifelong condition, the earlier a child is diagnosed and receives treatment, the better the quality of life could be for that child.

The most common outward signs of ASD include, but are not limited to, the following:

Little or difficulty in making eye contact
Focus on specific areas of interest to the exclusion of others
Constant repetition of words or phrases
Repetitive behaviours such as fidgeting, hand-flapping, rocking
Delayed language development/non-verbal communication
Intense reactions to changes in routine or environment
Difficulty with emotions
Distinct reactions to specific stimuli eg noises, smells, sounds, colours

Additionally, persons on the spectrum may have difficulty in making friends and maintaining friendships, and in understanding or interpreting social cues and abstract ideas. These behaviours may lead persons on the spectrum to become isolated or ostracised by others who do not understand or are unempathetic.

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Counselling to help with Autism

Parents are encouraged to do their research as soon as they suspect their child may have autism.

Counselling by professionals who are trained to help kids with autism is a beneficial and essential part of the child’s care plan. However, it is also important to know that every child is different, and hence, individualised and personal plans and treatment types are required for children with ASD.

There are several counselling modalities that are especially beneficial including play therapy, applied behavioural analysis, and cognitive behavioural therapy.

Equine-assisted therapy has been cited by many to be successful in helping children with autism. The child may also benefit from speech therapy or occupational therapy to help in other aspects of life.

Parents are encouraged to seek couples counselling to help them manage the challenges that come with raising a child with autism. At the same time, counselling will help strengthen their relationship and bond.

Group therapy for parents of children with autism is another avenue for parents to share and support each other.

Family therapy may also be effective in helping siblings understand autism to help their brother or sister on a daily basis.

If you suspect that your child may have autism, ask your doctor to refer them for a diagnostic assessment as soon as possible. Read here how autism is diagnosed.

Our neurodiversity-affirming counsellors are here to support your child with ASD.